How to Name Organic Compounds Using the IUPAC Method: 9 Steps. Learn how to name hydrocarbons. Halocarbons, organic compounds containing one or more halogens, are named using the same procedure. Take the name of the element attached (chlorine) and replace the - ine with - o (chloro). Use the same group prefixes to describe the amount. Ex: CF3. CHBr. Cl is named 2- bromo- 2- chloro- 1,1,1- trifluoroethane. An alcohol is a carbon chain with a hydroxide (OH- ) attached. Name the carbon chain, using the suffix - anol. Place a number in front to indicate what carbon the hydroxide is attached to. Ex: CH3. CH2. CH2(OH) is named 1- propanol. The shorter of the two chains becomes the first part of the name (use a prefix). Then add the longest chain, prefixed with the ending - ane. Name the carbon chains like attached groups. Alphabetize these and place them before the word . An aldehyde is a carbon chain with an oxygen double bonded to the last/first carbon. Use the appropriate prefix for carbon chain and use the suffix - anal. No position number is required. Ex: CH3. CH(=O) is named ethanol. A ketone is a carbon chain with an oxygen bonded to a middle carbon. Use the suffix - anone and use position numbers past propanone. Ex: CH3. CH2. CH2. C(=O)CH3 is named 2- pentanone. A carboxylic acid is a carbon chain with an oxygen double bonded and a hydroxide bonded to the last/first carbon. Use the suffix - anoic acid. No position number is required. Ex: CH3. CH2. C(=O)OH is named propanoic acid. An ester is a carbon chain with an oxygen both double and single bonded to one carbon. Name the group without an oxygen (R') first. Then name the R- C(=O)O part using the suffix - anoate. However, sometimes, there is a multiple bond in the R part. In that case, use - enoate or - ynoate and specify where the multiple bond is. Ex: CH3. C(=O)OCH2. CH2. CH2. CH3 is named methyl pentanoate. An amine is a carbon chain with an NH2 bonded to it. Use the suffix - amine and a position number if necessary. Ex: CH3. CHNH2. CH3 is named 2- propanamine. An amide is a carbon chain with an NH2 and an oxygen bonded to the last/first carbon. Use the suffix - amide (no position number required). Ex: CH3. C(=O)NH2 is named ethanamide. Emerging organic contaminants in groundwater: A review of sources, fate and occurrence. Emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) detected in groundwater may have adverse effects on human health and aquatic ecosystems. This paper reviews the existing occurrence data in groundwater for a range of EOCs including pharmaceutical, personal care, . The main sources and pathways for organic EOCs in groundwater are reviewed, with occurrence data for EOCs in groundwater included from both targeted studies and broad reconnaissance surveys. The most common differentiation to help distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds used to be the fact that organic compounds result from the activity of. Organic compound: any of a large class of chemical compounds in which one or more atoms of carbon are covalently linked to atoms of other elements, most commonly. What is an Organic Compound? When you drive up to the pump at some gas stations you are faced with a variety of choices. You can buy "leaded" gas or different forms. Volatile Organic Compounds in Your Home. Printable Factsheet Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) PDF. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are a large group of chemicals. Nanogram- microgram per litre concentrations are present in groundwater for a large range of EOCs as well as metabolites and transformation products and under certain conditions may pose a threat to freshwater bodies for decades due to relatively long groundwater residence times. In the coming decades, more of these EOCs are likely to have drinking water standards, environmental quality standards and/or groundwater threshold values defined, and therefore a better understanding of the spatial and temporal variation remains a priority. Effects of organic pollution on freshwater ecosystems: Introduction. Types of freshwater pollution. Toxicity response Acids & alkalis. Detergents. Organic chemistry is a chemistry subdiscipline involving the scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. Archives
August 2017
Categories |